/* * window-operations.c - demonstrate usage of window operation functions - * moving windows, resizing them, etc. */ #include #include #include #include /* getenv(), etc. */ #include /* sleep(), etc. */ /* * function: create_simple_window. Creates a window with a white background * in the given size. * input: display, size of the window (in pixels), and location of the window * (in pixels). * output: the window's ID. * notes: window is created with a black border, 2 pixels wide. * the window is automatically mapped after its creation. */ Window create_simple_window(Display* display, int width, int height, int x, int y) { int screen_num = DefaultScreen(display); int win_border_width = 2; Window win; /* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */ /* root window. Use the screen's black and white colors as */ /* the foreground and background colors of the window, */ /* respectively. Place the new window's top-left corner at */ /* the given 'x,y' coordinates. */ win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, RootWindow(display, screen_num), x, y, width, height, win_border_width, BlackPixel(display, screen_num), WhitePixel(display, screen_num)); /* make the window actually appear on the screen. */ XMapWindow(display, win); /* flush all pending requests to the X server. */ XFlush(display); return win; } GC create_gc(Display* display, Window win, int reverse_video) { GC gc; /* handle of newly created GC. */ unsigned long valuemask = 0; /* which values in 'values' to */ /* check when creating the GC. */ XGCValues values; /* initial values for the GC. */ unsigned int line_width = 2; /* line width for the GC. */ int line_style = LineSolid; /* style for lines drawing and */ int cap_style = CapButt; /* style of the line's edje and */ int join_style = JoinBevel; /* joined lines. */ int screen_num = DefaultScreen(display); gc = XCreateGC(display, win, valuemask, &values); if (gc < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "XCreateGC: \n"); } /* allocate foreground and background colors for this GC. */ if (reverse_video) { XSetForeground(display, gc, WhitePixel(display, screen_num)); XSetBackground(display, gc, BlackPixel(display, screen_num)); } else { XSetForeground(display, gc, BlackPixel(display, screen_num)); XSetBackground(display, gc, WhitePixel(display, screen_num)); } /* define the style of lines that will be drawn using this GC. */ XSetLineAttributes(display, gc, line_width, line_style, cap_style, join_style); /* define the fill style for the GC. to be 'solid filling'. */ XSetFillStyle(display, gc, FillSolid); return gc; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */ int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */ Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */ unsigned int display_width, display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */ unsigned int win_width, win_height; /* height and width for the new window. */ char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */ GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */ /* in our window. */ /* open connection with the X server. */ display = XOpenDisplay(display_name); if (display == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n", argv[0], display_name); exit(1); } /* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */ screen_num = DefaultScreen(display); display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num); display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num); /* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */ win_width = (display_width / 3); win_height = (display_height / 3); printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", win_width, win_height); /* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */ /* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */ /* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */ /* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */ win = create_simple_window(display, win_width, win_height, 0, 0); /* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */ gc = create_gc(display, win, 0); XFlush(display); sleep(3); /* example of resizing a window. */ { int i; /* start shrinking our window in a loop. */ for (i=0; i<40; i++) { win_width -= 3; win_height -= 3; XResizeWindow(display, win, win_width, win_height); XFlush(display); usleep(20000); } /* start shrinking our window in a loop. */ for (i=0; i<40; i++) { win_width += 3; win_height += 3; XResizeWindow(display, win, win_width, win_height); XFlush(display); usleep(20000); } } sleep(1); /* example of moving a window. */ { int i; XWindowAttributes win_attr; int x, y; int scr_x, scr_y; Window child_win; /* this variable will store the ID of the parent window of our window. */ Window parent_win; /* first, get the current attributes of our window. */ XGetWindowAttributes(display, win, &win_attr); x = win_attr.x; y = win_attr.y; /* next, find the parent window of our window. */ { /* this variable will store the ID of the root window of the screen */ /* our window is mapped on. */ Window root_win; /* this variable will store an array of IDs of the child windows of */ /* our window. */ Window* child_windows; /* and this one will store the number of child windows our window has. */ int num_child_windows; /* finally, make the query for the above values. */ XQueryTree(display, win, &root_win, &parent_win, &child_windows, &num_child_windows); /* we need to free the list of child IDs, as it was dynamically */ /* allocated by the XQueryTree function. */ XFree(child_windows); } /* next, translate the location coordinates to screen coordinates. */ /* this is done using the root window as the destination window. */ /* this works since the root window always spans the entire screen */ /* area, and thus has its top-left corner always at the top-left */ /* corner of the screen. */ XTranslateCoordinates(display, parent_win, win_attr.root, x, y, &scr_x, &scr_y, &child_win); /* start moving the window to the left. */ for (i=0; i<40; i++) { scr_x -= 3; XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y); XFlush(display); usleep(20000); } /* start moving the window to down. */ for (i=0; i<40; i++) { scr_y += 3; XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y); XFlush(display); usleep(20000); } /* start moving the window to the right. */ for (i=0; i<40; i++) { scr_x += 3; XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y); XFlush(display); usleep(20000); } /* start moving the window up. */ for (i=0; i<40; i++) { scr_y -= 3; XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y); XFlush(display); usleep(20000); } } sleep(1); /* example of iconifying and de-iconifying a window. */ { /* iconify our window. */ XIconifyWindow(display, win, DefaultScreen(display)); XFlush(display); sleep(2); /* de-iconify our window. */ XMapWindow(display, win); XFlush(display); sleep(2); } /* flush all pending requests to the X server. */ XFlush(display); /* make a delay for a short period. */ sleep(2); /* close the connection to the X server. */ XCloseDisplay(display); return(0); }